At a Glance
- Wash hands with soap for at least 20 seconds – it is the single best defence.
- Most coughs and colds are viral; antibiotics do not help them.
- Rest, warm fluids and steam ease symptoms while the body recovers.
- See a doctor for high fever beyond 3 days, breathlessness or chest pain.
Every change of season – the arrival of monsoon, the first chill of winter – brings a wave of coughs, colds and sore throats. These are mostly caused by viruses that spread easily through droplets and touched surfaces. While you can’t avoid every germ, you can tilt the odds strongly in your favour.
Why do colds rise with the seasons?
Viruses survive longer in cool, humid air, people crowd indoors with windows closed, and sudden temperature changes can irritate the nose and throat. Children in school pick up infections easily and bring them home.
8 habits that keep colds away
- 01Wash your hands properly
Use soap and water for 20 seconds, especially before eating and after returning home. Use a sanitiser when soap is not available.
- 02Keep hands away from your face
Viruses enter through the eyes, nose and mouth. Touching your face less is surprisingly effective.
- 03Cover coughs and sneezes
Use a tissue or your elbow – never your bare hands – and throw tissues away straight after.
- 04Stay hydrated
Warm water, soups, herbal teas and haldi doodh keep the throat moist and help clear mucus.
- 05Sleep 7–8 hours
Short sleep is clearly linked with catching colds more easily.
- 06Eat for immunity
Seasonal fruits, vegetables, dals, curd and nuts provide vitamin C, zinc and protein.
- 07Ventilate your home
Open windows for some time each day to let fresh air in.
- 08Stay home when unwell
Rest helps you recover faster and protects colleagues and classmates.
Steam inhalation, salt-water gargles (half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water) and honey in warm water can soothe a sore throat and blocked nose. Honey should not be given to babies under one year.
Antibiotics are not the answer for a cold
The common cold and most coughs are caused by viruses, and antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Taking them unnecessarily causes side effects and contributes to antibiotic resistance. Your doctor will prescribe them only if a bacterial infection is suspected.
Consult a doctor if there is fever above 101°F lasting more than 3 days, difficulty breathing, chest pain, a cough lasting more than 3 weeks, blood in the phlegm, or if a young child, elderly person or someone with asthma or diabetes falls ill.
Protecting children and elders
Keep routine vaccinations up to date, including the yearly flu vaccine where your doctor recommends it. Teach children to wash hands before meals and after school, and keep separate towels for anyone who is unwell.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does a common cold last?
Most colds improve within 7–10 days. A mild cough can linger for a couple of weeks afterwards.
Is it a cold or the flu?
Flu usually starts suddenly with high fever, body ache and severe tiredness. A cold is milder, with a runny nose and sore throat. See a doctor if you suspect flu, especially for children and the elderly.
Does vitamin C prevent colds?
Regular vitamin C may slightly shorten colds, but it doesn’t prevent them for most people. A balanced diet is the best approach.
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general awareness only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult a qualified doctor or pharmacist about your health and before starting, stopping or changing any medicine.
